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Colosseum
The Colosseum, also known as the Flavianus Amphitheater in the capital of Italy, Rome, is an arena. The original name of the Colosseum was Amphitheatrum Flavium. It was often called the Flavium Amphitheater. Since the building was built during the Flavium Dynasty, its original name comes from the name of this civilization.
Emperors organized gladiatorial fights here to entertain the Roman people and for their own entertainment. Apart from these, there would be many popular demonstrations, imitation sea wars, animal hunting, executions, revival of famous wars, dramas based on classical mythology. The Colosseum was later used for various purposes as a shelter, business shops, religious barracks, rest, quarry, and Christian tomb. While its real name was Arena, it later took the name of the statue at the entrance. On July 7, 2007, it was selected as one of the New Seven Wonders of the World.
Despite being devastated by the earthquake today and its stolen stones, the Colosseum has long been considered the iconic symbol of the Roman Empire. Today it is one of the most popular tourist spots in modern Rome.
History of Colosseum
The Colosseum, which was started in 72 BC after Emperor Vespasian, one of the first kings of the Flavius Dynasty, was originally built in the place of an example of inconsistency, which attracted a lot of public reaction to the Emperor Neron. The opening of the arena, which took only 8 years, was fortunate for Vespasian’s son Titus.
The amphitheater, which opened with 100-day celebrations and mostly gladiator fights and wild animal fights, has experienced the most magnificent period lasting about 5 centuries. During this period, various social events such as gladiator fights, theater shows and celebrations were organized in the arena.
Amphitheater’s M.S. It is also known to have undergone a restoration in 230. A.D. With the banning of gladiatorial fights in the 5th century, the importance of the Colosseum in the social life of the Roman people has also ended.
In fact, the Colosseum did not witness any important events until the 18th century, except that it was used as a fort in the 13th century. In the meantime, the process where the building was used as a quarry, the building materials were removed and used in the construction of other buildings during the Renaissance Period started, which is the most important reason for the deformation seen in the Colosseum today.
The giant arena of Rome was opened for visits for touristic purposes after cleaning in the early 1900s and after the emergence of the structures under the ground with archaeological excavations, and since then it has been hosting millions of travelers from all over the world.
Architecture of Colosseum
Outer Walls
The wall in the south was completely deformed, and even the stones taken from it were used in the construction of many pilots, palaces and San Pietro Basilica in the city during the Renaissance Period. However, the northern walls still rise with four-storey arches.
Each floor of these belts is made of different materials. The lower floor of these walls rising up to 49 meters (columns placed between the arched bridges) is Tuscan-Dor, the second floor consists of Ion columns and the last two floors are Corinthian columns.
Arena
The arena area where gladiators or animal fights take place is one of the most impressive places in the Colosseum. The arena has a capacity of 55 thousand seats. The numbered seats were also entered with numbered tickets at the time of the arena, and the prices were classified as cheap or expensive according to the location of these seats.
There is also an Emperor Podium in the Arena section, which is the lodge of the Emperor and the elite families of the city. The floor of the arena, the inner walls of which are made of bricks, is covered with sand, and the task of this sand is to absorb the blood of gladiators and animals who die or are injured in fights.
Underground of the Colosseum
The Colosseum underground sections, which were excavated at the beginning of the 1900s, are actually behind the scenes of a theater. The underground of the Colosseum is equipped with wide corridors and passages. These passages are filled with cages of the slaves and criminals of the period, which could move more or less. The cells of these slaves were covered with crane mechanisms that go up the corridor upstairs when it is time to fight with gladiators and animals. For this reason, the infrastructure of the Colosseum is one of the most impressive and interesting engineering works of the history.
Colosseum (Türkçe)
İtalya’nın başkenti Roma’da Flavianus Amfitiyatrosu olarak da bilinen Kolezyum bir arenadır. Colosseum’un orijinal adı Amphitheatrum Flavium’du. Genellikle Flavium Amfitiyatrosu denirdi. Bina Flavium Hanedanlığı döneminde inşa edildiğinden, orijinal adı bu medeniyetin adından geliyor.
İmparatorlar burada Romalıları eğlendirmek ve kendi eğlenceleri için gladyatör dövüşleri düzenlediler. Bunların dışında birçok popüler gösteri, deniz savaşlarının canlandırılması, hayvan avı, infazlar, ünlü savaşların yeniden canlandırılması, klasik mitolojiye dayanan dramalar yapılırdı. Kolezyum daha sonra barınak, işletme mağazaları, dini kışla, dinlenme, taş ocağı ve Hristiyan mezarı olarak çeşitli amaçlarla kullanılmıştır. Asıl adı Arena iken, daha sonra girişteki heykelin adını aldı. 7 Temmuz 2007’de, Dünyanın Yeni Yedi Harikasından biri olarak seçildi.
Bugünkü hali, depremden ve çalınan taşlarından harap olmasına rağmen, Kolezyum uzun zamandır Roma İmparatorluğu’nun ikonik sembolü olarak kabul edilmektedir. Bugün, modern Roma’nın en popüler turistik yerlerinden biridir.
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